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A O. FRIEDRICH & W. SGHULTE. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING HOLES THROUGH METALLIC BLOCKS.

No. 536.278. Patented "an 2 1895.

' UNITED I STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSCAR FRIEDRICH AND WILHELM SCHULTE, OF DUISBURG, GERMANY,'AS- SIGNORS TO DUISBURGER EISEN & STAHLWERKE, OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING HOLES THROUGH METALLIC BLOCKS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 536,278, dated March 26, 1895.

Application filed March 9, 1894- Serial No. 502,967. (N model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

' this purpose, and improved apparatus by which such process may be carried out.

To this end in carrying out our invention we pass the blocks to be perforated successively overa penetrating and expanding punch, as distinguished from a cutting punch, using the following block to advance the preceding one past the punch; and we provide an improved apparatus consisting of a frame having a socket for the passage of the blocks, a punch opposite. said socket for penetrating and perforating the block, and a presser acting against but at a distance and remote from the block, said parts being relatively constructed, the presser to pass the block into the socket and against the punch, the punch to penetrate the block and when the latter is completely perforated to move rearwardly and permit its removal; and we provide certain other features of improvement which will be fully hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustratethe preferredadaptation of our invention, Figure 1 is a fragmentary vertical axial section of a punching apparatus, the parts being in the position of giving the initial punching to the first block. Fig. 2 is a similar view, showing the first block completely punched and the succeeding block'having its initial punch, and Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the parts in the position for removing the first and completely. perforated block and feeding a following block above the second and primarily punched one.

Referring to the drawings let A indicate a guide frame; a, a socket therein; B, a presser cylinder; B, a presser carried thereby; O, a punch table, and D a punch carried thereby.

E E rcpresentthe blocks to be operated on. The frame A is any suitable frame having its socket a properly disposed relatively to the punch and presser. That shown is constructed with a cylindrical socket, adapted for the cylindrical blocks E operated upon, and is a rigid frame having an enlarged cavity 6 immediately beneath its socket. The presser B may be any suitable press stamp, ram, or hammer, mounted to coincide with the axis of the socket a and corresponding in cross section to the shape of the latter. In the construction shown it is a cylindrical preferably solid flatheaded pressing ram, as distinguished from a cutting ram, carried by the piston B, by which, it is moved toward and from the frame A, its end entering the socket a, to a distance sufficient to force one of the blocks E thereth rough and against the punch D far enough to give the block its initial punching, but its face is at a distance and remote from the punch. The punch D may be variously constructed, but should be a penetrating and expanding punch, and disposed with its point at a distance and remote from the presser. That shown consists of a hardened metal punch havingapointed active end bulging rapidly to its greatest diameter, and from this point gradually taperingor of reduced diameter to its other end, which is preferably removably set in and carried by a movable punch table 0, which latter may be moved in any manner. The punch D is disposed axially of the socket a with its active end opposed to the presser B, and when in the punching position with its point at or immediately below the discharge end of the socket a and in the enlarged cavity b of the frame A.

Preferably a plurality of punches D of cor- 9o responding shape to the desired contour of the hole to be punched through the block are provided, and the punches are moved to a position near the socket for the punching operation and after this operation are moved away 9 5 therefrom for the withdrawal of the punched block, this movement being accomplished by moving the table 0 in any suitable manner.

In carrying out our improved process of perforating and enlarging solid bodies with the loo aid of the apparatus set forth, the first block to be punched is placed in the socket a, the

punch being maintained in the position for punching, and the presser is brought against the block and forces it through the socket and over the active end of the punch for a short distance, preferably until the lower surface of the block corresponds with the largest part of the punch, whereupon the presser is stopped, this constituting the initial operation. trates the block the metal of the latter spreads outwardly within the cavity 1) opposite the point penetrated by the punch, while the remainder of the metal of the body of the block, above this point, remains in and is retained in shape by the socket a of the frame, which socket preserves the block in the position occupied at the finishing of its initial punching until its subsequent punching is inaugurated. \Vhen the first block has received its initial punching, and is in the position shown in Fig. 1, the presser B is retracted and a succeeding block is placed in the socket on top of the first block. lhepresseris theubroughtagainstthe second block,and acts thereon to force the first block completely through the socket and over the punch, and the second block after it until thelatter is initially punched, as shown in Fig. 2, thus giving the first block its secondary or final treatment by means of a succeeding block interposed between it and the presser, and without bringing the latter into contact or proximity with the punch. By this time the hole through the first block is completed and it is correspondingly enlarged, without any cutting by the penetrating punch, and the block may fall to and rest on the punch table. To remove it in order to make room for a following block the table and punch are moved away from the socket of the frame sufficiently to free the punch point from the block therein, and then the block punched together with the removable punch which it now surrounds are both removed from the table, and the same or another punch is reset in the latter, whereupon the table and punch are moved toward the frame until the punch point enters the hollow in the partially punched block suspended in the socket a. The punch is then maintained stationary for the next punching operation. During the removal of the punched block the presser B is withdrawn, and when the new punch is in position for the next punching operation a following block E is entered in the socket and the presser caused to act against this block, and through it to force the preceding one over the punch and effect the initial punching of the one last inserted. This process is continued in this manner.

In punching the blocks it is preferable that the blocks be heated, but this is not essential. We prefer to employ several punches D, and as one is removed substitute another in its place while the first is being separated from the block it has punched.

While the frame and its socket are shown as stationary and the punch and presser as In this movement as the punch pene-- both movable, it will be understood that this particular construction is not absolutely essential, but that the various parts may be constructed to be relatively movable and stationary in such other manner as circumstances may dictate.

It will be seen that our invention provides an improved process and apparatus for punching holes through metal objects by penetration and enlargement, without the necessity of cutting, which is simple and effective, and can be employed conveniently for punching massive metal blocks of any desired profile or cross section.

The lack of contact between the presser and penetrating punch, avoids all danger of impairing either, and all necessity of sharp or cutting edges.

What we claim is- 1. The improved process for making holes in metal bodies without cutting consisting in pressing the metal body against a penetrating punch by superposing a second metal body on the first and applying pressure to said second body, then removing said first metal body and pressing said second metalbody against a punch by superposing a third metal body and applying pressure thereto, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The improved process for making holes through metal bodies without cutting consisting in pressing a metal body partially over a penetrating punch, applying a second metal body against that pressed, and then through the medium of said second metal body pressing said first metal body completely over the punch and then pressing said second body partially over a punch.

3. The improved process of making holes in metal bodies consisting in pressing a metal body partly over a penetrating punch, then removing pressure therefrom and placing a second body on said first body, then applying pressure tosaid secondbodyand thereby pressing said first body entirely over said punch and said second body partially over the latter, then removing pressure from said second body, removing said punch and the first body passed thereover, and then applying a third body against said second body and by applying pressure to said third body forcing said second body entirely over a punch.

4. The improved apparatus for punching metal bodies consisting of a frame having a socket through which the body to be punched passes,apenetratingandnon-cuttingpunch at one side of said socket penetrating the body, and a presser at the other side of said socket acting against said body, said punch and presser relatively movable to force the body against the punch, and always distant from and out of contact with each other.

5. The improved apparatus for punching holes through metal bodies consisting of a frame A having a socket a through which the body passes, a presser B working in said socket and pressing the body therein, a punch table 0 at the other side of said socket, and a penetrating punch D carried by said table and disposed imposition to penetrate a body passing through said socket, said table and punch movable to permit the withdrawal of a punched body, and said presser and punch alway distant from and out of contact with each other. p

6. The improved apparatus for penetrating metal bodies, consisting of a frame having an uninterrupted socket through which the body to be penetrated passes, and having at rear of said socket a recess of greater size than said socket, in combination with a presser moving into but not through said socket, and having an imperforatehead embracing and pushing the body to be penetrated therethrough, and a penetrating punch within said recess and wholly without said socket, having a penetrating point opposed to said presser and socket and'entering and spreading the body as it enters said recess upon emerging from said socket under the impulse of said presser, said presser and punch always out of contact with each other, whereby a body placed in said socket will be driven partly therethrough by said presser, and as it emerges therefrom into said recess will be penetrated and correspondingly enlarged by said punch within said recess.

7. The improved process of making holesin metal bodies consisting in pressing a metal body partly through a confined space until it partially emerges therefrom, penetrating it with a penetrating punch as it emerges from said space and spreading itlaterally over said punch, then removing pressure from said body while it is partly in said space and partly penetrated, then applying a second body to said body in said space, then applying the pressure to said second body, and through it pressing said first body entirely through said space and over said punch, and said second body over said punchas it emerges from said space at rear of said first body, and then applying a third body within said space against said second body, and applying pressure to said third body to force said second body entirely over said punch, whereby distortion of over said punch at its initial movement, then placing on said block and in said socket a second block and forcing it against said first block-by said presser, and thereby forcing said first block completely over said punch and said second block partially thereover, whereby while in said socket said blocks are prevented from spreading, and while without said socket, and passing said punch, said blocks are free to expand as penetrated by the punch, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof we have hereunto signed our names in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OSCAR FRIEDRICH. WILHELM SOHULTE.

Witnesses: I r

. ALBERT KLINGHAMMER,

WILHELM BRtiGGEMANN. 

